Tag: Pubblicazioni scientifiche

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica campi elettromagnetici • CEM • EHS • Elettrosensibili • elettrosensibilità • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • ipersensibilità elettromagnetica • Microonde • Pubblicazioni scientifiche • stazioni radio base 14 Ottobre 2015 By admin_ele 2 Comments

Significant Decrease of Clinical Symptoms after Mobile Phone Base Station Removal – Signifikanter Rückgang klinischer Symptome nach Senderabbau

[Lavoro interessantissimo dal quale risulta evidente l’aumento dei sintomi con l’aumento della frequenza utilizzata per le trasmissioni radio. Ugualmente esiste una chiara correlazione tra lo spegnimento dei segnali radio e la scomparsa dei sintomi.]

Shinjyo, T. & Shinjyo, A. (2014), Signifikanter Rückgang klinischer Symptome nach Senderabbau – eine Interventionsstudie. Umwelt-Medizin-Gesellschaft, 27(4), S. 294-301.

Significant Decrease of Clinical Symptoms after Mobile Phone Base Station Removal –
An Intervention Study
Tetsuharu Shinjyo and Akemi Shinjyo

ARTICLE INFO

Article history
Received: 25 September 2014
Accepted: 16 October 2014

Keywords
Mobile phone
Base station
Radiofrequency (RF)
Electromagnetic field (EMF)
Health problems
Residents

This research was undertaken to investigate the validity of concerns about whether chronic exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted from mobile phone base station antennas could cause adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to identify possible adverse health effects among the residents of a condominium on which a mobile phone base station with sets of antennas operating at two different frequencies had been mounted. This research was conducted without outside funds in order to maintain neutrality and avoid pressures from external sources.

Methods: We investigated possible adverse effects on the health of condominium inhabitants who were exposed from 1998 to 2009 to the radiation from mobile phone base station antennas installed on top of their condominium. To accomplish this, in January and November 2009, 107 of 122 inhabitants were interviewed and underwent medical examinations. The first examination was carried out while the base station was in operation, the second examination three months after the base station antennas were removed once and for all. Based on the health examination results, the residents’ health and its changes during the operation of the antennas and after their removal were compared.

Results: In several cases, significant effects on the inhabitants’ health could be proven. The health of these inhabitants was shown to improve after the removal of the antennas, and the researchers could identify no other factors that could explain this health improvement. These examinations and interviews suggest that there are possible adverse health effects related to RF-EMF exposure among people living under mobile phone base stations.

Conclusions and recommendations: The results of these examinations and interviews indicate a connection between adverse health effects and electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations. Further research and studies are recommended regarding the possible adverse health effects of RF-EMFs. These results lead us to question the construction of mobile phone base stations on top of buildings such as condominiums or houses.

Introduction

In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a subsidiary body of the World Health Organization (WHO), officially declared radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) as possibly carcinogenic and a potential risk factor for gliomas and acoustic neuromas (IARC 2011). Moreover, it recommended taking precautionary measures to reduce exposure during mobile phone use, such as texting and the use of hands-free devices instead of holding the mobile phone next to the ear when talking.

However, the WHO has not issued any recommendation yet regarding adverse health effects of RF-EMFs emitted from mobile phone base stations. If there are health problems related to RF-EMF emitted from mobile phones, would the RF-EMFs from a mobile phone base station have the same effect? Mobile phone base stations constantly send signals to many mobile phones. Because of that, people living near base stations can be exposed to RF-EMFs 24 hours a day all the year (Khurana 2009). Today, there are a number of published studies concerning the impact of RF-EMFs emitted by base stations (Berg-Beckhoff et al. 2009, Blettner et al. 2009, Abdel-Rassoul 2007, Hutter et al. 2006, Eger et al. 2004, Wolf & Wolf 2004, Navarro et al. 2003, Santini et al. 2003). Some of these studies indicate possible health hazard to those living close to base stations (Berg-Beckhoff 2009, Blettner et al. 2009, Navarro et al. 2003, Santini et al. 2003). Some show a higher incidence of cancer (Eger et al. 2004, Wolf & Wolf 2004) or a higher cancer mortality (Dode et al. 2011). Hutter et al. (2006) reported that the stronger the RF-EMFs are, the higher the incidence of headaches and attention deficit disorders. Reduced cognition has also been documented (Abdel-Rassoul et al. 2007).

However, when studies like these are conducted on base stations, biases such as low frequency radiation (LF-EMF) and RF-EMF from the domestic living environment arise. Therefore, the more meticulous the research methodology is, the less significant the results indicated by the research. To get more precise results, it is necessary to eliminate biases as much as possible and to use double-blind procedures. However, conducting such research is difficult in reality.

The Situation in Japan

In Japan, there is presently little concern about the possibility of adverse health effects from mobile phones and mobile phone base stations. With the exception of a small number of cases, existing worries about mobile phones and mobile phone base stations have been ignored there (Sato et al. 2011). The reasons for this lack of attention are:

In Japan, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications does not recognise any non-thermal effects from non-ionising radiation.

Furthermore, the possibility of adverse health effects is not accepted by that Ministry when power densities are below 1000 μW/cm2 (1.8-5 GHz) (MIC 2011).
There are no official reports on the possible adverse health effects of RF-EMF emitted from mobile phone base stations in Japan. Risks and hazardous effects associated with these stations are not officially recognised in Japan. Reports about the risks of mobile phone base stations are seldom in the Japanese print and broadcast media. A reason for this could be the mobile phone companies’ media sponsorship.

Materials and Method

In 1998, a mobile phone base station was installed for the first time on the roof of the condominium in Naha City, Okinawa, Japan that is being investigated. Its antennas had an 800 MHz operational frequency [800 MHz code division multiple access (CDMA One)]. At the end of 2007, a further set of antennas with an operational frequency of 2 GHz (CDMA 2000) was installed. These were activated in March 2008. Figures 1A-D show the antenna installations on the condominium roof from different perspectives.

After the company owning the condominium withdrew its consent, the base station had to be removed. In June 2009, the 800 MHz installation was deactivated. It had been in operation for 11 years. The 2 GHz (CDMA 2000) antennas were deactivated in February 2009. They had an RF-EMF emission period of 11 months. The final removal of both the 0.8 and the 2 GHz antennas took place in August 2009. So there are two comparable time periods for comparing the symptoms before and after the residents’ exposure to the 2 GHz radiation.

Figure 2 shows the chronological sequence from the erection of the base station to the removal of both sets of antennas and the timings of the medical examinations.

In January 2009, the first medical examinations and interviews with the inhabitants were carried out whilst the base station was fully operational. A second set of examinations was conducted in August 2009 after the removal of the base station. These examinations and interviews compared the health of 107 residents during the base station’s operation and after its removal. The residents had no prior knowledge about possible adverse health effects of RF-EMFs.

Examination of the Condominium Residents’ Health Problems

A physician and a nurse, who had both more than 20 years of clinical experience, conducted face-to-face health examinations. Before the interviews, the residents had filled out health questionnaires distributed by the physician. Inhabitants of 39 out of 47 apartments participated. Vacant apartments and inhabitants who refused to participate were excluded from the study. 107 out of the 122 individuals who answered the questionnaires were interviewed. When interviewing the inhabitants about symptoms, the time of the first appearance of symptoms was taken into account. Health problems appearing between 1998 and March 2008, shortly before the installation of the 2 GHz antennas, were recorded as symptoms associated with radiation emitted from the 800 MHz antennas. Health problems appearing after the activation of the 2 GHz antennas, i.e. after March 2008 until the first examination in January 2009, were recorded as symptoms possibly affected by radiation emitted from the 2 GHz antennas.

Measurement of the Mobile Phone Base Station Power Density

After receiving a request from the condominium association board members, the mobile phone company operating the antennas undertook power density measurements of the RF-EMFs emitted by the mobile phone base station. Two technicians employed by the mobile phone company conducted the measurements.
The measuring device was an SRM-3000 (Narda Safety Test Solutions GmbH, Sandwiesenstrasse, Pfullingen, Germany). The technicians did not explain in detail to the residents how the measurements were taken. Figure 3 shows the 15 places where power density was measured. Three locations were assessed on the roof of the condominium and one on the balcony of the top (tenth) floor. Three rooms and the entrance area on that floor were also assessed, as were the entrance areas of rooms on the 8th, 6th, 4th, and 1st floor, the ground floor entrance area of the condominium and two locations within the parking lot. Before each measurement, the technicians called the operation centre. A few days later, the results of the measurements were sent to the board members of the condominium association.

Results

Measurement of RF-EMF Emissions from the Mobile Phone Base Station

Two technicians from the mobile phone company measured the power densities at 15 different locations around the condominium to assess RF-EMF emissions from the mobile phone station on 24th December 2008 (Figures 3A and 3B). The RF-EMFs from the 800 MHz and 2 GHz antennas were measured and recorded separately. Table 1 shows the results of the measurements, which were between 0.0001 and 0.0286 μW/cm2 (equivalent to 0.02 to 0.28 V/m).

The measurements taken at RF1 and RF3 indicated a relatively high power density. Interestingly, the power density measurements for the 2 GHz antennas showed lower values on the roof (RF2: 0.00278 μW/cm2) than on the balcony (Bal: 0.00316 μW/cm2). The distance between balcony and antenna was only slightly greater than the distance between RF2 and antenna. This result could be attributed to the fact that RF2 was behind the location of the base station’s ancillary operational equipment.

Subjects of the Health Examination

The health examinations were conducted twice – in January 2009 and in November 2009 – among 107 out of 122 residents. This represented a participation rate of 87.7 %. 56 participants were male and 51 female. The average age was 37.2 years for male and 38.6 years for female participants. The average time period of RF-EMF exposure from the 800 MHz antennas was 5.60 years for the males and 6.64 years for the females. Regarding the 2 GHz RF-EMF exposure, the average exposure period was 11 months for both male and female residents. Table 2 provides an overview of the residents’ age and gender distributions, as well as the periods of exposure time.

Health problems of the residents after installation of the 800 MHz antennas

34 residents said they had health problems after the 800 MHz antennas had been installed. They mentioned 66 individual symptoms, which are listed in Table 3. The health problem symptoms included: tinnitus, myodesopsia, arthralgia, shoulder stiffness, headache, and nasal bleeding. For tinnitus and arthralgia, the difference was shown to be statistically significant.

Health problems of the residents after installation of the 2 GHz antennas

After installation of the 2 GHz antennas, 41 individuals showed symptoms. 26 of these 41 participants had already exhibited symptoms after installation of the 800 MHz antennas. The subjects mentioned a total of 158 cases of symptoms. These are documented in Table 4. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue and loss of motivation, eye pain, astigmatism, deteriorated eyesight, insomnia, sleep problems, sleep disturbances, dizziness, jitteriness, tachycardia, palpitation, numbness and others. The number of these symptoms – except for astigmatism, deteriorated eyesight, tachycardia, and palpitations – decreased significantly after the removal of the mobile phone station. The symptoms that were recognised during the operation of both the 800 MHz and the 2 GHz antennas are printed in bold font. Health problems that appeared after the installation of the 2 GHz antennas were greater in number than those appearing after installation of the 800 MHz antennas. A comparison of the number of symptoms before and after removal of the mobile phone base station shows significant differences.

Comparison of the number of residents with health problems before and after removal of the mobile phone base station

A total of 34 residents suffered from health problems after installation of the 800 MHz antennas. Three months after their removal this number decreased to 13. There were 41 residents who had health problems after installation of the 2 GHz antennas, and this number decreased to 15 after removal of the 2 GHz antennas. In total 49 residents suffered from health problems during operation of both the 800 MHz and the 2 GHz antennas. However, this number decreased to 25 after removal of both sets of antennas.
These results showed significant differences using the chi-square test (Table 5).

Discussion

The power density values read by the mobile phone company are extremely low, suspiciously low, compared with measurements taken near other base stations (Abdel-Rassoul et al. 2006). Furthermore, the power density was measured only once by the mobile phone company, whereas this kind of measurement should be conducted several times. Although the power density, as measured by the mobile phone company, was too low to be considered relevant in aggravating the health problems experienced by residents, we have used these measurements as reference levels in this case study.

The RF-EMF values were highest at RF1 and RF3, two locations adjacent to the antennas. The RF-EMF power density values at RF2 were lower. It is possible that RF2’s location behind the shelter accounts for these lower values. The power density of Bal, the balcony on the 10th floor, was higher than the power density at RF2. Theoretically, the RF-EMFs emitted from the antennas are not directed vertically downwards. However, it is likely that RF-EMFs were emitted downwards in the form of a side lobe. The power density measurement values clearly indicated that the 2 GHz antennas gave off more energy than the 800 MHz antennas. The number of individual health problems the residents suffered from after installation of the 800 MHz antennas was 66, and rose to 158 after installation of the 2 GHz antennas. It is possible that the health problems the residents suffered from after installation of the 2 GHz antennas were related to their high power output.

This health investigation diagnosed 34 residents with health problems appearing during operation of the 800 MHz antennas; out of these residents, 26 suffered even worse health problems after the installation of the 2 GHz antennas. Considering the fact that these residents had already recognised their health problems as related to the 800 MHz antennas, they could possibly have become more sensitive to RF-EMFs emitted from the 2 GHz antennas. Hypersensitisation could have occurred among these residents. The incidence of health problems among 26 residents out of 34 is apparently more frequent than that of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) patients (Hillert et al. 2002, Johansson 2006, Kato & Johansson 2012, Levallois et al. 2002, Schreier et al. 2006, Schröttner & Leitgeb 2008).

Moreover, it is considered that the acute symptoms could have occurred whilst those residents were exposed to the higher energy of RF-EMFs emitted by the 2 GHz antennas.

Recent studies suggest that the pattern and angle of radiation emission, the effects of modulation and the power density all need to be taken into account. An experiment using baboons revealed that the melatonin concentration in the pineal gland decreased significantly while the baboons were exposed to different modulations of EMF in a sudden onset/offset environment (Rogers et al. 1995). Furthermore, a report examining the stress hormone levels of residents living close to a mobile phone base station showed that an abnormal amount of stress hormones was secreted over the period of one year (Buchner & Eger 2011). Because of such findings, it is important to conduct longitudinal studies on stress hormone secretion under the influence of RF-EMFs. Our research examines symptoms from the installation of the 800 MHz RF-EMF emitting antennas up to the period after their removal, a total time of 11 years. Examining long-term changes of the residents’ health problems has enabled us to prove that the residents’ health showed significant differences before and after the removal of the mobile phone base station.

In 2000, the European Commission decided to adopt a precautionary approach as a basic principle in environmental issues. In this decision, the EU pledged to take precautionary measures to deal with environmental issues, so that irreversible consequences could be anticipated even if the risk was not scientifically proven European Union (2010). However, the Japanese Government has issued an Electromagnetic Wave Protection Guidance which states that RF-EMFs do not affect health if they are below 1000 μW/cm2 in the 1800 MHz to 5 GHz frequency range. (MIC 2011). The value 800 MHz range permitted by the Japanese Government is 530 μW/cm2 calculated by the following formula: f (MHz)/1500 (between the frequency is 800 to 1500 MHz) (MIC 2000). As a result, an increasing number of mobile phone towers and base stations have been erected, without any regulation, on the roofs of condominium buildings. Moreover, media coverage of non-ionising radiation is in Japan much rarer than in Europe and the USA. Because of this, it is difficult for this issue to be recognised by the Japanese general public.

Summary

Our intention was to examine whether there were health impacts on residents from RF-EMFs emitted by the mobile phone base station erected on the roof of their condominium building. We conducted thorough research on whether there were any other factors to account for the improvements of the residents’ health other than the removal of the base station.
The results of this case report indicate that health problems of the residents were associated with the operation of the mobile phone base station and that these problems improved after its removal. Although this report is not a double-blind study, it can be used as an example indicating the potential effects of RF-EMFs emitted from mobile phone base stations erected on the roofs of condominium buildings on human health. It is imperative that further detailed research is conducted regarding the impact of RF-EMFs on human health.

Note
This research and the corresponding data collection were conducted without outside funds in order to maintain neutrality and avoid pressures from external sources.
The original translation into the German language was made possible by a donation from the registered association “Netzwerk Risiko Mobilfunk Oberfranken e.V. (NRMO)” (= “Network Risk of Mobile Telephony in Upper Franconia”) (for further information please refer to: www.mobilfunk-oberfranken.de).

Editor’s Note
This article is marked as an original scientific publication and has been subject to a special peer-review procedure by the Scientific Advisory Board of Umwelt-Medizin-Gesellschaft. – The Editor

References
Abdel-Rassoul, G., Abou El-Fateh, O., Abou Salem, M. et al. (2007), Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations. Neurotoxicology, 28(2), 434-440.

Berg-Beckhoff, G., Blettner, M., Kowall, B. et al. (2009), Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: phase 2 of a cross-sectional study with measured radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66(2), 124-130.

Blettner, M., Schlehofer, B., Breckenkamp, J. et al. (2009), Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: phase 1 of a population-based, cross-sectional study in Germany. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66(2), 118-123.

Buchner, K. & Eger, H. (2011), Changes of Clinically Important Neurotransmitters under the Influence of Modulated RF Fields – A Long-term Study under Real-life Conditions (Original scientific publication). English translation of: Buchner, K. & Eger, H. (2011), Veränderung klinisch bedeutsamer Neurotransmitter unter dem Einfluss modulierter hochfrequenter Felder – Eine Langzeiterhebung unter lebensnahen Bedingungen (Wissenschaftlicher Originalbeitrag), Umwelt-Medizin-Gesellschaft, 24(1), 44-57.

Dode, A.C., Leão, M.M., Tejo, F. de A.F. et al. (2011), Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Science of The Total Environment, 409(19), 3649-3665.

Eger, H., Hagen, K.U., Lucas, B. et al. (2004), The Influence of Being Physically Near to a Cell Phone Transmission Mast on the Incidence of Cancer. Original scientific study. English translation of: Eger, H., Hagen, K.U., Lucas, B. et al. (2004), Einfluss der räumlichen Nähe von Mobilfunksendeanlagen auf die Krebsinzidenz, Wissenschaftliche Originalarbeit. Umwelt-Medizin-Gesellschaft, 17(4), 326-335.

European Union (2010), Notice Number 2010/C 83/01: Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union C 83, 53, 132.

Hillert, L., Berglind, N., Arnets, B.B. & Bellander, T. (2002), Prevalence of self reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population based questionnaire survey. Scandanavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 28(1), 33-41.

Hutter, H.P., Moshammer, H., Wallner, P. & Kundi, M. (2006), Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(5), 307-313.

IARC (2011), IARC classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans. Press Release No. 208, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 31st May 2011, Lyon, France. [http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf . Accessed 15th October 2014]

Johansson, O. (2006), Electrohypersensitivity: state-of-the-art of a functional impairment. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 25, 245-258.

Kato, Y. & Johansson, O. (2012), Reported functional impairments of electrohypersensitive Japanese: A questionnaire survey, Pathophysiology, 19(2), 95-100.

Khurana V.G., Teo, C., Kundi, M. et al. (2009), Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data. Surgical Neurology, 72(3), 205-214.

Levallois, P., Neutra, R., Lee, G. & Hristova, L. (2002), Study of Self reported hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields in California. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(Supplement 4), 619-623.

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC) (2000), Telecommunications Technology Council Report 2000., Japan. http://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/e/sys/ele/body/index.htm

MIC (2011), Radio Radiation Protection Guidelines for Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, Japan Electromagnetic fields (EMF) Information Center, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan (MIC). [http://www.jeic-emf.jp/assets/files/pdf/aboutus/JEIC_Guide%28eng%29.pdf, accessed: 15th October 2014].

Navarro, E.A., Segura, J., Portolés, M. & Gómez-Perretta, C. (2003), The Microwave Syndrome: A Preliminary Study in Spain. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 22(2-3), 161-169.

Rogers, W.R., Reiter, R.J., Smith, H.D. & Barlow-Walden, L. (1995), Rapid-onset/offset, variably scheduled 60 Hz electric and magnetic field exposure reduces nocturnal serum melatonin concentration in nonhuman primates, Bioelectromagnetics, 16, Supplement 3, 119-122.

Santini, R., Santini, P., Le Ruz, P. et al. (2003), Survey Study of People Living in the Vicinity of Cellular Phone Base Stations. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 22(1), 41-49.

Sato, Y., Akiba, S., Kubo, O. & Yamaguchi, N. (2011), A case-case study of mobile phone use and acoustic neuroma risk in Japan. Bioelectromagnetics, 32(2), 85-93.

Schreier, N., Huss, A. & Röösli, M. (2006), The prevalence of symptoms attributed to electromagnetic field exposure: a cross-sectional representative survey in Switzerland. Sozial- und Präventivmedicine, 51(4), 202-209.

Schröttner, J. & Leitgeb, N. (2008), Sensitivity to electricity – Temporal changes in Austria. BMC Public Health, 8, 310.
Wolf, R. & Wolf, D. (2004), Increased incidence of cancer near a cell-phone transmitter station. International Journal of Cancer Prevention, 1(2), 1-19.

PDF del lavoro integrale (originale in Tedesco e tradotto in Inglese) scaricabili ai seguenti link:

umg-4 14-Shinjyo

Shinjyo 2014 Significant Decrease of Clinical Symptoms after Mobile Phone Base Station Removal (1)

Fonte:

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mobilfunk_newsletter/ReTk0tlH77s

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica bambini • campi elettromagnetici • CEM • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • Microonde • Pubblicazioni scientifiche 13 Ottobre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

Protect children from EMF.

Electromagn Biol Med. 2015 Sep;34(3):251-6. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1077339.

By:
Markov M¹, Grigoriev Y².

¹Research International , Williamsville , NY , USA and.
²Russian National Committee for Protection from Nonionizing Radiation , Russia.

ARTICLE INFO

Article history
Published: September 2015

Keywords
Children protection
Wi-Fi radiation

ABSTRACT

The twenty-first century is marked with aggressive development of the wireless communications (satellite, mobile phones, Internet, Wi-Fi). In addition to thousand of satellites that deliver radio and TV signals, large satellite and base station networks secure intensive instant delivery of audio and video information. It is fair to say that that the entire civilization, both biosphere and mankind are exposed to continuous exposure of multitude of radiofrequency (RF) signals. It should be taken into account that the entire world population is exposed to exponentially increasing RF radiation from base stations and satellite antennas. While several years ago the potential hazard was connected with placement of mobile phones close to human head, today “smart phones” represent small, but powerful computers continuously receiving audio and video data. The largest group of users is the children and teenagers who “need” to communicate nearly 24 h a day. This is even more important because cell phones and tablets may be seen in the hands of children as little as two years in age. There is no way to assess and predict the potential damages of children brain, vision and hearing under exposure to RF radiation. The WHO precautionary principle and IARC classification must be applied in discussing the potential hazard of the use of today’s and tomorrow’s communication devices.

Fonte:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26444201

Informazioni Notizie dal mondo Ricerca scientifica adolescenti • bambini • campi elettromagnetici • CEM • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • Pubblicazioni scientifiche • scuole • Wi-Fi 4 Ottobre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

Messaggio alle Scuole riguardo i dispositivi senza fili

[Recente nota sull’utilizzo di dispositivi wireless redatta dal Dr. Ronald M. Powell, scienziato americano in pensione, indirizzata alle scuole.
Traduzione in Italiano a cura della Associazione Elettrosmog Sicilia (http://www.elettrosmogsicilia.org/)]

20 Agosto 2015

di Ronald M.Powell, Ph. D.

Se nelle vostre scuole si utilizzano dispositivi wireless, come quelli che usano la tecnologia Wi-Fi, la salute del vostro personale, dei vostri insegnanti, e degli studenti può essere a rischio. Ma questo problema può essere affrontato e risolto con successo, e con beneficio per tutti.

Contesto: i dispositivi senza fili trasmettono informazioni utilizzando le radiazioni a radiofrequenza / microonde. La comunità di ricerca biomedica internazionale ha studiato l’impatto sui sistemi biologici di tali radiazioni per decenni, ma più intensamente negli ultimi anni. La stragrande maggioranza delle migliaia di pubblicazioni di ricerca peer-reviewed di questa comunità, quando sono state finanziate indipendentemente dalle industrie del settore, ha trovato effetti biologici che destano preoccupazione. Inoltre, questi effetti biologici si verificano a intensità di radiazione molto inferiore di quanto si era compreso precedentemente. In parole povere, sta emergendo una crisi sanitaria su scala mondiale e questo sta diventando un segno distintivo del 21° secolo. La comunità di ricerca biomedica internazionale sta cercando di metterci in guardia; ma, come società, non stiamo ancora ascoltando. Spero che questo messaggio possa contribuire a cambiare la situazione.

In qualità di scienziato, vi esorto a esaminare l’impatto sulla salute delle radiazioni a radiofrequenza / microonde generate da dispositivi senza fili. Esempi di tali dispositivi senza fili nel nostro ambiente sono quelli che usano la tecnologia Wi-Fi in tutte le sue varianti; telefoni cellulari e stazioni radio base (specificamente quelle situate nelle vicinanze delle scuole); telefoni cordless; computer con collegamenti senza fili, che siano modelli desktop, laptop o tablet; baby monitor senza fili; contatori elettrici intelligenti con collegamenti radio; elettrodomestici intelligenti con collegamenti radio; e forni a microonde.

Questa crisi è la conseguenza di molti fattori. Di seguito alcuni tra questi:

• Tutti gli esseri viventi sono di natura bioelettrica. Questo è alla base del funzionamento degli elettrocardiogrammi e degli elettroencefalogrammi. Tali esami misurano i deboli segnali elettrici che sono presenti nel cuore e nel cervello. Le attività svolte da tali deboli segnali elettrici, e così tanti altri segnali elettrici negli esseri viventi, possono essere disturbate dalla radiazione a radiofrequenza/microonde.
• Le intensità delle radiazioni a radiofrequenza / microonde artificialmente generate dall’uomo sono in aumento esponenziale e già superano, di molti ordini di grandezza, le intensità con le quali tutta la vita sulla Terra si è evoluta. In poche parole, stiamo annegando in un crescente mare di radiazione artificiale a radiofrequenza / microonde.
• La natura invisibile della radiazione a radiofrequenza / microonde lascia la gente comune e i preposti a prendere decisioni ignari delle intensità crescenti di radiazioni intorno a loro stessi.
• L’autentica utilità dei dispositivi senza fili promuove la negazione dei rischi.
• La pubblicità intensa, la potenza economica, e la potenza politica delle ricche industrie del settore consente loro di controllare il pubblico dibattito e di tenere in mano gli enti di controllo governativi e gli enti legislativi.
• Gli standard federali attuali per la limitazione dell’esposizione del pubblico alle radiazioni a radiofrequenza / microonde sono obsoleti e troppo permissivi. Questi standard sono basati solo sul riscaldamento termico. In pratica, il Governo sostiene che se non si viene cotti dalle radiazioni, allora va tutto bene. Questi standard federali ignorano molti effetti biologici che si verificano a intensità molto inferiori, lasciando il pubblico senza protezione.
• I governi statali e federali stanno sostenendo l’espansione illimitata delle tecnologie radio senza fili, e stanno perfino co-finanziando tale espansione, imponendo l’accettazione della tecnologie radio senza fili da parte del pubblico. Tali azioni rispecchiano una diffusa mancanza di comprensione, o una cecità volontaria per la scienza di base e le sue conseguenze per la salute pubblica.
• Alcune delle più gravi conseguenze dell’esposizione a radiazioni a radiofrequenza / microonde (come danno al DNA, cancro e infertilità) sono particolarmente nefaste perché non danno segni preliminari di allarme.
• Altre conseguenze dell’esposizione danno segnali premonitori (come disturbi del sonno, mal di testa, stanchezza, ronzio nelle orecchie, perdita di memoria, vertigini, aritmia cardiaca, e molti altri); ma questi segnali vengono troppo spesso liquidati in quanto possono avere pure altre cause, complicando l’identificazione della vera causa.
• L’assenza di formazione di routine dei medici sugli effetti biologici della radiazione a radiofrequenza / microonde rende difficile per i medici l’identificare le cause e fornire un orientamento efficace.
• Perfino i soggetti consapevoli non possono controllare la loro esposizione in ambienti condivisi con altri, perché le radiazioni che li circondano, proprio come il fumo causato da altri, è imposto su di loro da individui inconsapevoli. Solo i governi possono risolvere efficacemente questo problema, ed essi attualmente sono parte del problema. Per il momento il pubblico deve proteggersi da sé, e questo richiede un’educazione pubblica.

Fortunatamente, molti dei servizi che i dispositivi radio senza fili offrono possono essere realizzati con ben più sicuri dispositivi con cavo. I dispositivi cablati realizzano la connettività con cavi a fibra ottica, coassiali o Ethernet. I dispositivi cablati sono più veloci, più affidabili e con più alta sicurezza informatica. Tuttavia, essi sono meno mobili, meno convenienti e un po’ più costosi da installare. Ma questi svantaggi impallidiscono in confronto ai benefici di una buona salute. In sintesi, le scuole pubbliche possono proteggere il loro personale, gli insegnanti e gli studenti dai rischi alla salute derivanti dai dispositivi radio senza fili, tra cui quelli utilizzanti Wi-Fi, attraverso la conversione alla connettività cablata, utilizzando cavi Ethernet. Inoltre, agli studenti può essere insegnato un uso sicuro della tecnologia e possono trasferire a casa ciò che imparano per proteggere le loro famiglie.

Come punto di partenza consigliato per esplorare le preoccupazioni riguardanti le radiazioni generate dai dispositivi radio senza fili, ho allegato un elenco commentato di riferimenti e un elenco commentato di video. Si prega di vedere, in particolare, il video (1), chiamato “Wi-Fi nelle scuole, i fatti”, realizzato in Australia, a pagina 6.

Saluti.

Ronald M. Powell, Ph.D.
20316 Highland Hall Drive
Montgomery Village, MD 20886-4007
Telephone: 301-926-7568
Email: ronpowell@verizon.net

Il mio profilo

Sono uno scienziato del Governo USA in pensione (Ph.D., Fisica applicata, Università di Harvard, 1975). Durante la mia carriera, ho lavorato per l’Ufficio Esecutivo del Presidente, la National Science Foundation, e il National Institute of Standards and Technology. Per queste organizzazioni, rispettivamente, ho svolto valutazioni di programmi di ricerca e sviluppo, ricerca su politiche ambientali, e sviluppo di misure a supporto di industrie del settore elettronico ed elettrico e della comunità di ricerca biomedica. Attualmente interagisco con altri scienziati e medici di tutto il mondo sull’impatto dell’ambiente – incluso l’ambiente elettromagnetico a radiofrequenza / microonde – sulla salute umana.

LISTA DI RIFERIMENTI CON ANNOTAZIONI

La comunità internazionale di ricerca biomedica ha condotto migliaia di studi che cercano di identificare gli effetti biologici dell’esposizione ai campi elettromagnetici sia alle basse che alle alte frequenze, estendendosi alla regione delle microonde. Sono così tanti gli studi i quali hanno trovato effetti biologici seri originati da tali campi, a intensità precedentemente ritenute sicure, che sono necessarie immediate misure per allertare l’opinione pubblica e per abbassare i livelli di esposizione consentiti.

La revisione più massiccia di letteratura biomedica è il BioInitiative Report del 2012 di 1479 pagine che considera circa 1800 pubblicazioni di ricerca biomedica, la maggior parte delle quali uscite nei precedenti cinque anni. Il BioInitiative Report del 2012 è stato preparato da un gruppo internazionale di 29 esperti, tra cui molti Ph.D. e medici, da dieci nazioni tra cui gli USA che ha contribuito con il maggior numero. La revisione conclude che “La continua implementazione di tecnologie e dispositivi radio senza fili pone la salute pubblica globale a rischio a causa del commercio illimitato del settore wireless a meno che siano implementati dei limiti di esposizione nuovi e di gran lunga inferiori e forti avvertimenti precauzionali.”

BioInitiative Working Group, Cindy Sage, M.A. and David O. Carpenter, M.D., Editors, BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for Biologically-based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Radiation, December 31, 2012 http://www.bioinitiative.org

Un gruppo di sei medici in Oregon, guidato dal Dott. Paul Dart, ha rilasciato nel Giugno 2013, una revisione di 79 pagine di 279 pubblicazioni di ricerca biomedica. Questa review esamina la questione salute rispetto a “telefoni cellulari, stazioni radio base, Wi-Fi, contatori intelligenti e altri dispositivi che emettono radiofrequenza o frequenza estremamente bassa”. Questa review osserva che “E’ necessario ridurre gli attuali livelli di esposizione, invece di aumentarli. La FCC – Federal Communications Commission deve proteggere specialmente i gruppi vulnerabili nella popolazione inclusi i bambini e gli adolescenti, le donne in gravidanza, gli uomini in età riproduttiva, gli individui con sistemi immunitari compromessi, gli anziani e i lavoratori.” Questa review è pubblicata sul sito web della FCC al link titolato “Health Effects of RF – Research Review (87)”.

Biological and Health Effects of Microwave Radio Frequency Transmissions, A Review of the Research Literature, A Report to the Staff and Directors of the Eugene Water and Electric Board, June 4, 2013
http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/comment/view?id=6017465430

Michael Bevington, nel 2013, ha pubblicato un libro che riassume le risultanze di 1828 pubblicazioni di ricerca biomedica. Il libro descrive i sintomi causati dall’esposizione a radiazione elettromagnetica, le molte malattie associate con tale esposizione, e i livelli di rischio relativo associati con specifiche sorgenti di radiazione elettromagnetica. Le citazioni degli articoli includono gli indici PMID per un facile reperimento sul database PubMed.gov del National Institute of Health. Questo sito web fornisce il più grande indice di letteratura di ricerca biomedica nel mondo. Electromagnetic Sensitivity and

Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: A Summary by Michael Bevington NEW EDITION: March 2013
http://www.es-uk.info

Circa 200 scienziati di 39 nazioni hanno sottoscritto un appello internazionale alle Nazioni Unite e all’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità nel Maggio 2015. Questi scienziati chiedono una migliore protezione per il pubblico dai danni da radiazione prodotti da molte sorgenti radio, 4 tra cui “telefoni cellulari e cordless e le loro stazioni radio base, Wi-Fi, antenne per radiodiffusione, contatori intelligenti, e baby monitors” tra gli altri. Complessivamente questi scienziati hanno pubblicato circa 2000 articoli di ricerca sull’argomento.

https://www.emfscientist.org/index.php/emf-scientist-appeal

L’agenzia Internazionale per la Ricerca sul cancro, dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, ha già classificato i campi elettromagnetici a radiofrequenza nella classe 2B (“possibile cancerogeno”), principalmente sulla base dell’aumentato rischio di cancro al cervello. Tale decisione ha avuto luogo nel 2011. Da allora, si è incrementata la ricerca che supporta una classificazione più severa del rischio (“probabile cancerogeno” o anche “noto cancerogeno”)

http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf

L’American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM), che forma i medici per la Certificazione in Medicina Ambientale, ha dichiarato: “AAEM sostiene fortemente l’utilizzo di connessioni internet cablate, e incoraggia l’evitamento della radiofrequenza come il Wi-Fi, telefoni cellulari e cordless e loro stazioni radio base e ‘contatori intelligenti’.” AAEM afferma inoltre che “la letteratura scientifica peer reviewed dimostra la correlazione tra esposizione a RF (radiofrequenza) e malattie neurologiche, cardiache e polmonari come pure disordini riproduttivi e allo sviluppo, disfunzioni immunologiche, tumori e altre condizioni di salute. L’evidenza è inconfutabile.” AAEM conclude: “Installare tecnologia Wi-Fi nelle scuole e in spazi pubblici rischia di essere un diffuso pericolo per la salute pubblica che il sistema medico non è ancora preparato ad affrontare.”

AAEM, Wireless Radiofrequency Radiation in Schools, November 14, 2013
http://www.aaemonline.org/pdf/WiredSchools.pdf

L’American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), I cui 60000 dottori si prendono cura dei nostri bambini, supporta lo sviluppo di standard per l’esposizione a radiazione a radiofrequenza più restrittivi che proteggano meglio il pubblico, particolarmente i bambini. L’AAP, in una lettera alla Federal Communications Commission (FCC) e alla Food and Drug Administration (FDA), datata 29 Agosto 2013, dichiara che “I bambini non sono piccoli adulti e che sono impattati sproporzionatamente da tutte le esposizioni ambientali, inclusa la radiazione da telefono cellulare. Gli standard FCC attuali non prendono in considerazione tali distinte vulnerabilità e non usano modelli specifici a donne in stato di gravidanza e a bambini. E’ essenziale che ogni nuovo standard per telefoni cellulari o altri dispositivi radio senza fili siano basati sulla protezione delle popolazioni più giovani e maggiormente vulnerabili per assicurare che siano salvaguardate in tutta la loro vita.”

http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/view?id=7520941318

Il Governo USA ha una grande responsabilità per la crescita esponenziale dei livelli di radiazione da dispositivi radio senza fili nell’ambiente. Nel 1996, il Congresso degli Stati Uniti ha approvato, e il presidente ha firmato, il Telecommunications Act. Sotto la pressione delle industrie del telefono cellulare, tale legge includeva questa disposizione: “Nessun governo statale o locale o strumento di essi possono disciplinare il collocamento, la costruzione e la modifica degli impianti per i servizi radio personali [stazioni di telefonia mobile] sulla base degli effetti ambientali delle emissioni a radiofrequenza nel caso in cui tali impianti siano conformi alle norme della Commissione Federale delle Comunicazioni [FCC] riguardanti tali emissioni.”. Poiché le norme della Commissione Federale delle Comunicazioni sulla esposizione a radiazioni sono così permissive, questa disposizione impedisce ai governi statali e locali di proteggere la loro popolazione dalle radiazioni delle stazioni di telefonia mobile, per motivazioni di preoccupazione per la salute.

Telecommunications Act of 1996
https://transition.fcc.gov/Reports/tcom1996.pdf

La Commissione Federale delle Comunicazioni (FCC) ha agito in partnership con le industrie del settore wireless consentendo livelli di radiazione di gran lunga superiori a quelli che la letteratura di ricerca biomedica indica siano necessari per proteggere la salute umana. Il successo delle industrie wireless nel controllare la FCC, le commissioni del Congresso degli Stati Uniti che supervisionano la FCC e l’esecutivo è dettagliato in una nuova monografia del Centro di Etica dell’Università di Harvard. Come esempio di tale controllo, il Presidente recentemente nominato, come capo della FCC, l’ex capo della CTIA – l’Associazione Wireless, che è l’organizzazione di lobbying più importante per il settore wireless. Questo, ovviamente, è il fenomeno cosiddetto della “porta girevole”.

Norm Alster, Captured Agency: How the Federal Communications Commission is Dominated by the Industries It Presumably Regulates (2015)
http://ethics.harvard.edu/news/new-e-books-edmond-j-safra-research-lab

Inoltre, il “American Recovery and Investment Act del 2009” del Governo USA ha fornito finanziamenti che sono stati utilizzati per motivare l’installazione di contatori intelligenti radio (anche chiamata la “Advanced Metering Infrastucture” o “AMI” – infrastruttura di contabilizzazione avanzata) offrendo una partecipazione nei costi ai gestori pubblici che avrebbero adottato tali contatori.

https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/smart_grid_investment_grant_program.html

Molti stati hanno poi esteso l’impatto del sopra citato Atto imponendo l’accettazione dei contatori intelligenti radio da parte del pubblico. Questi contatori contengono trasmettitori e ricevitori a microonde e sono collocati su, o all’interno ogni casa. Un documento redatto per ordine di una corte Californiana indica che ogni contatore intelligente diffonde impulsi di radiazioni in media 10000 volte al giorno e fino a un massimo di 190000 volte al giorno. Tali impulsi inondano il vicinato con radiazioni, ogni giorno e ogni notte per tutto l’anno.

http://emfsafetynetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/PGERFDataOpt-outalternatives_11-1-11-3pm.pdf

Sempre di più, la gente sta diventando consapevole della minaccia che le radiazioni a radiofrequenza pongono sulla salute. L’opposizione iniziale si concentra primariamente sulle sorgenti di esposizione imposte, specialmente quando gli individui esposti comprendono bambini non ancora nati e bambini piccoli, poiché sono tra i soggetti più vulnerabili. Così, l’opposizione iniziale più forte affiora per l’installazione di ripetitori telefonici, specialmente nelle vicinanze di scuole; per il Wi-Fi nelle scuole; e per i contatori intelligenti wireless piazzati sulle case o al loro interno. La maggior parte di stati attualmente hanno gruppi di opposizione, e alcuni stati hanno anche 10 o 20 di tali gruppi. Tali gruppi stanno cercando una liberazione attraverso gli enti regolatori statali, attraverso le legislature statali, e attraverso i tribunali. Di seguito è riportato un esempio delle centinaia di siti web USA che rispecchiano la natura e la portata dell’opposizione per l’espansione sfrenata della tecnologia wireless. Tali siti cercano di educare il pubblico e i decisori, e, quindi, di promuovere azioni di risposta fondate su basi scientifiche.

The BabySafe Project
http://www.babysafeproject.org/the-science/

National Association for Children and Safe Technology
http://www.nacst.org/

Take Back Your Power’s index to groups in the USA opposed to wireless smart meters http://takebackyourpower.net/directory/us/

Smart Grid Awareness, a Website by Skyvision Solutions, Consumer Protection Advocate
http://smartgridawareness.org

LISTA DI VIDEO CON ANNOTAZIONI

Esistono centinaia di video su Internet che riguardano l’impatto delle radiazioni a radiofrequenza sulla salute. Qui ne sono richiamati solo alcuni, i quali forniscono una buona introduzione a questo argomento. Con una ricerca su Internet se ne troveranno molti di più.

(1) Una introduzione ai rischi per la salute posti dalla tecnologia Wi-Fi nelle scuole

Wi-Fi in Schools, the Facts (September 9, 2013) (18 minutes)
produced by Wi-Fi in Schools Australia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQryZbxlqXI&feature=youtu.be

(2) vasta panoramica dell’impatto delle radiazioni elettromagnetiche sulla salute umana, in particolare alle frequenze delle microonde, con un accento particolare sui bambini e l’ambiente scolastico

Electromagnetic Radiation Health for Children 2014 (70 minutes)
by Dr. Erica Mallery-Blythe, a UK physician
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNFdZVeXw7M

(3) Documentario sui tentativi del settore wireless per sopprimere l’informazione al pubblico sugli effetti alla salute delle radiazioni a radiofrequenza

Microwaves, Science & Lies (2014) (90 minutes)
by Jean Heches and Nancy de Meritens (of France)
https://vimeo.com/ondemand/17755/89417454

(4) Testimonianze video da parte di individui danneggiati dalle radiazioni generate da terminali senza fili

Cell Phones Cause Cancer (October 17, 2012) (9 minutes)
by Jimmy Gonzalez, Esq.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIlOVJd0lA8

Woman suffers acute radiation exposure from a bank of smart meters (January 21, 2015) (3 minutes).
Produced by Maryland Smart Meter Awareness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9QzuWPw6Y0&feature=youtu.be

Man experiences adverse health effects from exposure to a smart meter (March 7, 2013) (3 minutes).
By Garic Schoen of Gaithersburg, MD produced by Maryland Smart Meter Awareness
http://marylandsmartmeterawareness.org/smart-meter-news/maryland-ms-resident-testimony-toeconomic-matters-committee-re-hb1038-on-march-14-2013/

Individuals with high sensitivity to the radiation from wireless devices search for increasingly rare safe environments. Searching for a Golden Cage (May 8, 2014) (13 minutes)
produced by Nadav Neuhaus
http://time.com/golden-cage/

Originale: https://skyvisionsolutions.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/message-to-public-schools-about-wireless-devices.pdf

Tradotto liberamente da Ass. Elettrosmog Sicilia Settembre 2015

Versione PDF della traduzione scaricabile al seguente link:

http://www.elettrosmogsicilia.org/pdf/riferimenti/messaggio-alle-scuole-Dr-Powell.pdf

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica campi elettromagnetici • CEM • EHS • Elettrosensibili • elettrosensibilità • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • ipersensibilità elettromagnetica • Pubblicazioni scientifiche 4 Ottobre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

Linea guida dell’Associazione Medica Austriaca per la diagnosi e il trattamento di problemi di salute e malattie collegate ai campi elettromagnetici (sindrome EMF)

[Fondamentale contributo alla diagnosi e trattamento della Sindrome da Ipersensibilità Elettromagnetica.
Traduzione in Italiano a cura della Associazione Elettrosmog Sicilia (www.elettrosmogsicilia.org)]

Articolo dell’Austrian Medical Association’s EMF Working Group (AG-EMF)
Adottato al meeting dei funzionari di medicina ambientale dell’Associazione Medica Regionale e dell’Associazione Medica Austriaca il 3 Marzo 2012 in Vienna.

Introduzione
C’è stato un brusco aumento di problemi di salute aspecifici, spesso associati a stress che sempre più presentano l’esigenza per il medico di una diagnosi complessa differenziata. Una causa a cui è stata concessa poca attenzione finora è la crescente esposizione a inquinamento elettromagnetico (elettrosmog) a casa, al lavoro e durante le attività ricreative, che si verifica in aggiunta allo stress cronico nella vita personale e lavorativa.
Esso si correla a una situazione generale di stress cronico che può condurre a esaurimento.

Come possono i medici rispondere a questi sviluppi?
L’Associazione Medica Austriaca ha sviluppato una linea guida per la diagnosi differenziata e il trattamento potenziale di problemi di salute collegati a stress aspecifico associato ad elettrosmog. Il suo elemento centrale è un questionario per il paziente consistente in una valutazione generale dei sintomi da stress e una valutazione specifica dell’esposizione a elettrosmog.
La linea guida è intesa come un aiuto nella diagnosi e nel trattamento dei problemi di salute collegati ai campi elettromagnetici (EMF).

Premessa
Molte persone sono esposte in modo crescente, a vari livelli, a una combinazione di campi elettrici (EF, Electric Fields), campi magnetici (MF, Magnetic Fields) e campi elettromagnetici (EMF, ElectroMagnetic Fields) di varie forme di segnale, intensità e applicazioni tecniche per periodi di tempo variabili, colloquialmente riferito come elettrosmog.

I medici sono messi a confronto con disturbi non specifici senza cause chiaramente identificabili (Huss and Röösli 2006). Si è sospettato che le condizioni ambientali come la crescente esposizione della popolazione alle onde radio, emesse ad esempio dai telefoni cordless, stazioni base cellulari, telefoni cellulari, GPRS, UMTS, schede dati per computer portatili e wireless LAN (WLAN), ma anche esposizione a campi elettrici e magnetici emessi da linee elettriche, dispositivi e attrezzature, possano giocare un ruolo causale (Blake Levitt e Lai 2010). Per la professione medica, questo fa sorgere nuove esigenze nella diagnosi e nel trattamento. Una questione centrale per l’attribuzione causale di sintomi è la valutazione della variazione in problemi di salute rispetto ai fattori tempo e luogo, che è di particolare rilievo per cause ambientali quale l’esposizione a EMF.

In Austria si sta attualmente introducendo la quarta generazione di telefonia mobile (LTE), come pure lo “smart metering” (per la misura dei consumi di elettricità, gas e acqua), avendo come risultato una esposizione aggiuntiva nella popolazione.

Nuove tecnologie e applicazioni sono state introdotte senza la sicurezza circa i loro effetti sulla salute, facendo sorgere nuove sfide per la medicina. Ad esempio, le questioni dei cosiddetti effetti non-termici e gli effetti potenziali a lungo termine di esposizioni a bassa dose sono stati appena investigati prima della loro introduzione. Alcuni pazienti sospettano un collegamento tra esposizione a campi elettromagnetici e i loro problemi di salute. Inoltre, i medici sono sempre più di fronte a problemi di salute con cause non identificate. Perseguire una strategia di trattamento basata sulla testimonianza in questo contesto è una impresa difficile per una diagnosi differenziata.

In Austria, non ci sono limiti legittimati democraticamente per proteggere la popolazione dalle esposizioni EMF. Le raccomandazioni del WHO, compilate dall’International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP 1998), sono basate su un modello termico. Queste raccomandazioni furono introdotte dall’Unione Europea nella sua Raccomandazione del Concilio del 1999 (EU-Ratsempfehlung 1999) e dall’Austria nel suo pre-standard OVE/ONORM E 8850:2006 02 01 (ONORM 2006) senza tenere in considerazione effetti non-termici di lungo termine.

Nell’Agosto 2007, la BioInitiative, un gruppo internazionale di esperti, ha pubblicato un resoconto esauriente richiedendo misure preventive come riparo dall’esposizione EMF sulla base dell’evidenza scientifica disponibile (BioInitiative 2007). Consequentemente, l’Agenzia Europea per l’Ambiente ha paragonato l’elettrosmog ad altri rischi ambientali come l’asbesto o il benzene (EEA 2007).

Nell’Aprile 2009, una risoluzione del Parlamento Europeo richiese una rivisitazione dei limiti EMF contenuti nella Raccomandazione del Concilio EU del 1999, la quale fu basata sulle linee guida dell’ICNIRP, in riferimento al BioInitiative Report (EU Parliament 2009).

Nel Maggio 2011, l’Assemblea Parlamentare del Concilio Europeo ha adottato il report “I potenziali pericoli dei campi elettromagnetici e i loro effetti sull’ambiente” (PACE 2011). Il report richiede numerose misure per proteggere gli uomini e l’ambiente, specialmente dai campi elettromagnetici ad alta frequenza. Una delle raccomandazioni è di “prendere tutte le ragionevoli misure per ridurre l’esposizione ai campi elettromagnetici, specialmente alle frequenze radio dai telefoni mobili, e particolarmente l’esposizione di bambini e giovani i quali appaiono essere i più a rischio di tumori alla testa”.

Sempre in Maggio 2011, un gruppo di esperti dell’Agenzia Internazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, un agenzia del WHO, ha classificato i campi elettromagnetici a radiofrequenza come possibili carcinogenici (Gruppo 2B) per gli uomini (IARC 2011).

Un rilevamento telefonico rappresentativo (n=2048, età > 14 anni) attuato nel 2004 in Svizzera ha fornito una frequenza del 5% (95% CI 4-6%) per una “diagnosi” auto-attribuita di elettrosensibilità (Schreirer et al. 2006).

In un altro rilevamento eseguito in Svizzera, nel 2001, 394 rispondenti attribuirono problemi di salute specifici all’esposizione EMF. Tra altri elementi, i seguenti sintomi furono riportati come frequenti: problemi del sonno (58%), mal di testa (41%), nervosismo (19%), stanchezza (18%) e difficoltà di concentrazione (16%). I rispondenti elencarono le stazioni base telefoniche (74%), telefoni cellulari (36%), telefoni cordless (29%) e linee di alta tensione (27%) come cause. Due terzi dei rispondenti avevano preso misure per ridurre i loro sintomi, la più frequente misura consistente nell’evitare l’esposizione. Rimarchevolmente, solo il 13% aveva consultato il loro medico (Roosli et al. 2004).

Mentre uno studio del 2006 di Regel et al. descriveva nessun effetto da esposizione, due provocation studies [un provocation study è uno studio dove i soggetti sono esposti all’elemento che si pensa induca una risposta o a un finto elemento che non dovrebbe provocare risposta, ndr] sull’esposizione di individui “elettrosensibili” e individui di controllo a segnali di stazione base telefonica (GSM, UMTS, o entrambi) trovò un calo significativo dello stato di benessere dopo esposizione a UMTS negli individui che riportavano sensibilità (Zwaborn et al. 2003, Eltiti et al. 2007). L’analisi dei dati disponibili sull’esposizione di persone residenti vicino stazioni base telefoniche ha prodotto chiare indicazioni di effetti avversi sulla salute (Santini et al. 2002, Navarro et al. 2003, Hutter et al. 2006, Abdel-Rassoul et al. 2007, Blettner et al. 2008).

Sulla base della letteratura scientifica sulle interazioni dei campi elettromagnetici con i sistemi biologici, vari meccanismi di interazione sono possibili. Un meccanismo plausibile a livello intracellulare e intercellulare, ad esempio, è l’interazione attraverso la formazione di radicali liberi o di stress ossidativo e nitrosativo (Friedmann et al. 2007, Simkó 2007, Pall 2007, Bedard and Krause 2007, Pacher et al. 2007, Desai et al. 2009). Si basa sull’ aumentata formazione di peroxynitrite (ONOO-) da una reazione di monossido di azoto (NO) con superossido (O2-). A causa della suo lungo tempo di dimezzamento, peroxynitrite danneggia un elevato numero di processi metabolici e componenti della cellula.

Questa introduzione può servire come una spiegazione plausibile di molti problemi di salute, sintomi e la loro progressione osservata nel contesto dell’esposizione EMF. Ci sono indicazioni crescenti che la sindrome EMF (EMFS) dovrebbe essere annoverata tra i disordini multisistemici (Pall 2007) come Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), fibromyalgia (FM) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

In Svezia. La sindrome EMF è denominata come electrohypersensitivity (EHS), considerata come una menomazione fisica e riconosciuta come una disabilità. Con riferimento alla risoluzione ONU 48/96, Annesso, del 20 Dicembre 1993 (UN 1993), le amministrazioni locali riconoscono supporto ai soggetti con EHS. I lavoratori con EHS hanno un diritto di supporto dai loro datori di lavoro in modo da consentirgli di lavorare nonostante la loro menomazione. Alcuni ospedali in Svezia sono muniti di stanze con bassa esposizione EMF.

L’Associazione Medica Austriaca considera un suo dovere e una sua missione il fornire ai membri della professione medica una raccolta dello stato attuale del dibattito scientifico e politico da un punto di vista medico e con raccomandazioni specifiche di azione in questa prima linea guida. La linea guida può solo essere migliorata attraverso suggerimenti, critiche e correzioni. A causa del rapido sviluppo delle varie tecnologie, le raccomandazioni necessitano di aggiornamento continuo. Invitiamo di conseguenza tutti i professionisti medici di trasmettere i loro contributi per la prossima edizione della linea guida al seguente indirizzo di posta elettronica: post@aerztekammer.at

[continua]

Versione PDF completa del documento scaricabile al seguente link:

Austrian-EMF-Guidelines-2012_IT

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica campi elettromagnetici • CEM • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • Microonde • Pubblicazioni scientifiche • smartphone • stazioni radio base • telefono cellulare • tumori 2 Ottobre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

Epidemiological Evidence for a Health Risk from Mobile Phone Base Stations

[Storica e fondamentale review che acclara il legame tra esposizione alle radiazioni emesse dalle stazioni radio-base di telefonia mobile e gli effetti biologico/sanitari sulla popolazione esposta, sino ad un raggio di 500 metri.
Elettrosensibilità e neoplasie sono le patologie correlate.]

INT J OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH 2010;16:263–267

By:
VINI G. KHURANA, LENNART HARDELL, JORIS EVERAERT, ALICJA BORTKIEWICZ, MICHAEL CARLBERG, MIKKO AHONEN

Human populations are increasingly exposed to microwave/radiofrequency (RF) emissions from wireless communication technology, including mobile phones and their base stations. By searching PubMed, we identified a total of 10 epidemiological studies that assessed for putative health effects of mobile phone base stations. Seven of these studies explored the association between base station proximity and neurobehavioral effects and three investigated cancer. We found that eight of the 10 studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living at distances < 500 meters from base stations. None of the studies reported exposure above accepted international guidelines, suggesting that current guidelines may be inadequate in protecting the health of human populations. We believe that comprehensive epidemiological studies of longterm mobile phone base station exposure are urgently required to more definitively understand its health impact. Key words: base stations; electromagnetic field (EMF); epidemiology; health effects; mobile phone; radiofrequency (RF); electromagnetic radiation.

INTRODUCTION
Mobile phone base stations are now found ubiquitously in communities worldwide. They are frequently found near or on shops, homes, schools, daycare centers, and hospitals (Figure 1). The radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation from these base stations is regarded as being low power; however, their output is continuous. (1) This raises the question as to whether the health of people residing or working in close proximity to base stations is at any risk.

METHODS
By searching PubMed and using keywords such as base station, mast, electromagnetic field (EMF), radiofrequency (RF), epidemiology, health effects, mobile phone, and cell phone, and by searching the references of primary sources, we were able to find only 10 human population studies from seven countries that examined the health effects of mobile phone base stations. Seven of the studies explored the association between base station proximity and neurobehavioral symptoms via population-based questionnaires; the other three retrospectively explored the association between base station proximity and cancer via medical records. A meta-analysis based on this literature is not possible due to differences in study design, statistical measures/risk estimates, exposure categories, and endpoints/outcomes. The 10 studies are therefore summarized in chronological order (Table 1).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
We found epidemiological studies pertaining to the health effects of mobile phone base station RF emissions to be quite consistent in pointing to a possible adverse health impact. Eight of the 10 studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living at distances < 500 meters from base stations. The studies by Navarro et al., (2) Santini et al., (3) Gadzicka et al., (4) and Hutter et al. (5) reported differences in the distance-dependent prevalence of symptoms such as headache, impaired concentration, and irritability, while Abdel-Rassoul et al. (6) also found lower cognitive performance in individuals living ≤ 10 meters from base stations compared with the more distant control group. The studies by Eger et al. (7) and Wolf and Wolf (8) reported increased incidence of cancer in persons living for several years < 400 meters from base stations. By contrast, the large retrospective study by Meyer et al. (9) found no increased incidence of cancer near base stations in Bavaria. Blettner et al. (10) reported in Phase 1 of their study that more health problems were found closer to base stations, but in Phase 2 (11) concluded that measured EMF emissions were not related to adverse health effects (Table 1).
Each of the 10 studies reviewed by us had various strengths and limitations as summarized in Table 1. Pertaining to those base station studies in which EMF measurements were not carried out, (3,4,7,9) it should be noted that distance is not the most suitable classifier for exposure to RF-EMF. Antennae numbers and configurations, as well as the absorption and reflection of their fields by houses, trees, or other geographic hindrances may influence the exposure level. Further, self-estimation of distance to nearest base station is not the best predictor of exposure since the location of the closest base station is not always known. Such exposure misclassification inevitably biases any association towards null. Multiple testing might also produce spurious results if not adjusted for, (3,5) as might failure to adjust for participant age and gender. (7) Latency is also an important consideration in the context of cancer incidence following or during a putative environmental exposure. In this regard, the study by Meyer et al. (9) found no association between mobile phone base station exposure and cancer incidence, but had a relatively limited observation period of only two years. On the other hand, the studies by Eger et al. (7) and Wolf and Wolf8 found a significant association between mobile phone base station exposure and increased cancer incidence, although the approximate five-year latency between base station exposure and cancer diagnosis Other problems in several population-based questionnaires are the potential for bias, especially selection (8) and participation (2,3,5,6,11) biases, and self-reporting of outcomes in combination with the exposure assessment methods used. For example, regarding limitations in exposure assessment, in a large two-phase base station study from Germany,(12,13) of the Phase 1 participants (n = 30,047), only 1326 (4.4%) participated with a single “spot” EMF measurement recorded in the bedroom for Phase 2. Further, health effect contributions from all relevant EMF sources and other non-EMF environmental sources need to be taken into account. (12) We acknowledgethat participant concern instead of exposure could be the triggering factor of adverse health effects, however this “nocebo effect” does not appear to fully explain the findings. (4,5) Further, the biological relevance of the overall adverse findings (Table 1) is supported by the fact that some of the symptoms in these base-station studies have also been reported among mobile phone users, such as headaches, concentration difficulties, and sleep disorders. (13,14) Finally, none of the studies that found adverse health effects of base stations reported RF exposures above accepted international guidelines, the implication being that if such findings continue to be reproduced, current exposure standards are inadequate in protecting human populations. (15)

CONCLUSIONS
Despite variations in the design, size and quality of these studies as summarized in Table 1, it is the consistency of the base-station epidemiological literature from several countries that we find striking. In particular, the increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living at distances < 500 meters from base stations found in 80% of the available studies. It should be pointed out that the overall findings of health problems associated with base stations might be based on methodological weaknesses, especially since exposure to RF electromagnetic radiation was not always measured.
There are some proposed mechanisms via which low-intensity EMF might affect animal and human health, (16,17) but full comprehensive mechanisms still remain to be determined. (18,19) Despite this, the accumulating epidemiological literature pertaining to the health effects of mobile phones (13,20) and their base stations (Table 1) suggests that previous exposure standards based on the thermal effects of EMF should no longer be regarded as tenable. In August 2007, an international working group of scientists, researchers, and public health policy professionals (the BioInitiative Working Group) released its report on EMF and health. (21) It raised evidence-based concerns about the safety of existing public limits that regulate how much EMF is allowable from power lines, cellular phones, base stations, and many other sources of EMF exposure in daily life. The BioInitiative Report (21) provided detailed scientific information on health impacts when people were exposed to electromagnetic radiation hundreds or even thousands of times below limits currently established by the FCC and International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection in Europe (ICNIRP). The authors reviewed more than 2000 scientific studies and reviews, and have concluded that: (1) the existing public safety limits are inadequate to protect public health; and (2) from a public health policy standpoint, new public safety limits and limits on further deployment of risky technologies are warranted based on the total weight of evidence. (21) A precautionary limit of 1 mW/m2 (0.1 microW/cm2 or 0.614 V/m) was suggested in Section 17 of the BioInitiative Report to be adopted for outdoor, cumulative RF exposure. (21) This limit is a cautious approximation based on the results of several human RF-EMF studies in which no substantial adverse effects on well being were found at low exposures akin to power densities of less than 0.5 – 1 mW/m2.2,5,22–26 RF-EMF exposure at distances > 500 m from the types of mobile phone base stations reviewed herein should fall below the precautionary limit of 0.614 V/m.

References
(1) Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M. Cell phones and brain tumors: A review including the long-term epidemiologic data. Surg Neurol. 2009;72:205-214.
(2) Navarro EA, Segura J, Portolés M, Gómez-Perretta C. The microwave syndrome: A preliminary study in Spain. Electromag Biol Med. 2003;22:161–169.
(3) Santini R, Santini P, Le Ruz P, Danze JM, Seigne M. Survey study of people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations. Electromag Biol Med. 2003;22:41-49.
(4) Gadzicka E, Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Szymczak W, Szyjkowska A. Assessment of subjective complaints reported by
people living near mobile phone base stations [Abstract]. Biuletyn PTZE Warszawa. 2006;14:23-26.
(5) Hutter HP, Moshammer H, Wallner P, Kundi M. Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in
subjects living near mobile phone base stations. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63:307-313.
(6) Abdel-Rassoul G, El-Fateh OA, Salem MA, Michael A, Farahat F, El-Batanouny M, Salem E. Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations. Neurotoxicology. 2007;28:434-440.
(7) Eger H, Hagen KU, Lucas B, Vogel P, Voit H. Einfluss der raumlichen nahe von mobilfunksendeanlagen auf die krebsinzidenz. [The influence of being physically near to a cell phone transmission mast on the incidence of cancer]. Umwelt-Medizin-Gesellschaft. 2004;17:326-332.
(8) Wolf R, Wolf D. Increased incidence of cancer near a cell-phone transmitter station. Int J Cancer Prev. 2004;1:123-128.
(9) Meyer M, Gartig-Daugs A, Radespiel-Troger M. Cellular telephone relay stations and cancer incidence. Umweltmed Forsch Prax. 2006;11:89-97.
(10) Blettner M, Schlehofer B, Breckenkamp J, Kowall B, Schmiedel S, Reis U, Potthoff P, Schüz J, Berg-Beckhoff G. Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: Phase 1 of a populationbased, cross-sectional study in Germany. Occup Environ Med. 2009;66:118-123.
(11) Berg-Beckhoff G, Blettner M, Kowall B, Breckenkamp J, Schlehofer B, Schmiedel S, Bornkessel C, Reis U, Potthoff P, Schüz J. Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: Phase 2 of a cross-sectional study with measured radio
frequency electromagnetic fields. Occup Environ Med. 2009; 66:124-130.
(12) Neubauer G, Feychting M, Hamnerius Y, Kheifets L, Kuster N, Ruiz I, Schüz J, Uberbacher R, Wiart J, Röösli M. Feasibility of future epidemiological studies on possible health effects of mobile phone base stations. Bioelectromagnetics. 2007;28:224-230.
(13) Khan MM. Adverse effects of excessive mobile phone us. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2008;21:289-293.
(14) Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L. Use of wireless telephones and self-reported health symptoms: A population-based study among Swedish adolescents aged 15-19 years. Environ Health 2008;7:18.
(15) Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother. 2008;62:104-109.
(16) Salford LG, Nittby H, Brun A, Grafström G, Malmgren L, Sommarin M, Eberhardt J, Widegren B, Persson BRR. The mammalian brain in the electromagnetic fields designed by man with special reference to blood-brain barrier function, neuronal damage and possible physical mechanisms. Prog Theor Phys Suppl. 2008;173:283-309.
(17) Sheppard AR, Swicord ML, Balzano Q. Quantitative evaluations of mechanisms of radiofrequency interactions with biological molecules and processes. Health Phys. 2008;95:365-396.
(18) Khurana VG. Cell phone and DNA story overlooked studies. Science. 2008;322:1325.
(19) Yang Y, Jin X, Yan C, Tian Y, Tang J, Shen X. Case-only study of interactions between DNA repair genes (hMLH1, APEX1, MGMT, XRCC1 and XPD) and low-frequency electromagnetic fields in childhood acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008; 49:2344-2350.
(20) Hardell L, Carlberg M, Soderqvist F, Hansson Mild K. Metaanalysis of long-term mobile phone users and the association with brain tumours. Int J Oncol. 2008;32:1097-1103.
(21) Sage C, Carpenter D, eds. BioInitiative Report: A rationale for a biologically-based public exposure standard for electromagnetic fields (ELF and RF) [Internet]. 2007 [cited April 3, 2009]. Available from: http://www.bioinitiative.org.
(22) Kundi M, Hutter HP. Mobile phone base stations – Effects on wellbeing and health. Pathophysiol. 2009;16:123-35.
(23) Henrich S, Ossig A, Schlittmeier S, Hellbrück J. Elektromagnetische Felder einer UMTS-Mobilfunkbasisstation und
mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Befindlichkeit—eine experimentelle Felduntersuchung [Electromagnetic fields of a UMTS
mobile phone base station and possible effects on health – results from an experimental field study]. Umwelt Med Forsch Prax. 2007;12:171-180.
(24) Thomas S, Kühnlein A, Heinrich S, Praml G, Nowak D, von Kries R, Radon K. Personal exposure to mobile phone frequencies and well-being in adults: A cross-sectional study based on dosimetry. Bioelectromagnetics. 2008;29:463-470.
(25) Zwamborn APM, Vossen SHJA, van Leersum BJAM, Ouwens MA, Makel WN. Effects of global communication system radiofrequency fields on well being and cognitive functions of human subjects with and without subjective complaints. Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Physics and Electronics Laboratory: The Hague, Netherlands, 2003.
(26) Regel SJ, Negovetic S, Röösli M, Berdinas V, Schuderer J, Huss A, Lott U, Kuster N, Achermann P. UMTS base station like exposure, well being and cognitive performance. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114:1270-1275.

Versione PDF integrale scaricabile al seguente link:

Khurana+et+al+2010

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica adolescenti • bambini • campi elettromagnetici • CEM • disturbi comportamentali • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • Pubblicazioni scientifiche 28 Settembre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and behavioural problems in Bavarian children and adolescents.

Eur J Epidemiol. 2010 Feb;25(2):135-41. doi: 10.1007/s10654-009-9408-x. Epub 2009 Dec 4.

By:
Thomas S¹, Heinrich S, von Kries R, Radon K.

¹Unit for Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology & NetTeaching, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany. silke.thomas@med.lmu.de

ARTICLE INFO

Article history
Received: 2 October 2009
Accepted: 23 November 2009
Published online: 4 December 2009

Keywords
Behavioural problems
Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields
Children
Adolescents
SDQ
Dosimentry

ABSTRACT

Only few studies have so far investigated possible health effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) in children and adolescents, although experts discuss a potential higher vulnerability to such fields. We aimed to investigate a possible association between measured exposure to RF EMF fields and behavioural problems in children and adolescents. 1,498 children and 1,524 adolescents were randomly selected from the population registries of four Bavarian (South of Germany) cities. During an Interview data on participants’ mental health, socio-demographic characteristics and potential confounders were collected. Mental health behaviour was assessed using the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Using a personal dosimeter, we obtained radio-frequency EMF exposure profiles over 24 h. Exposure levels over waking hours were expressed as mean percentage of the reference level. Overall, exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields was far below the reference level. Seven percent of the children and 5% of the adolescents showed an abnormal mental behaviour. In the multiple logistic regression analyses measured exposure to RF fields in the highest quartile was associated to overall behavioural problems for adolescents (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.5) but not for children (1.3; 0.7-2.6). These results are mainly driven by one subscale, as the results showed an association between exposure and conduct problems for adolescents (3.7; 1.6-8.4) and children (2.9; 1.4-5.9). As this is one of the first studies that investigated an association between exposure to mobile telecommunication networks and mental health behaviour more studies using personal dosimetry are warranted to confirm these findings.

Fonte:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960235

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica autismo • bambini • campi elettromagnetici • CEM • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • Pubblicazioni scientifiche 28 Settembre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

A possible association between fetal/neonatal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation and the increased incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

[Dati epidemiologici resi noti di recente indicano un drammatico aumento dell’incidenza di disturbi dello spettro autistico.
In precedenza l’incidenza di autismo riportata era di 4-5 casi ogni 10.000 bambini, mentre le evidenze più recenti indicano un incremento fino a circa 1 caso ogni 500 bambini.
Tuttavia l’eziologia dell’autismo è ancora da determinare, ma i dati recentemente resi noti suggeriscono una
possibile correlazione tra l’incidenza di autismo e una “tossina” ambientale precedentemente non considerata.
Nello specifico, è comunemente accettato nella comunità scientifica che le radiazioni in radiofrequenza siano un elemento biologicamente attivo ed è anche stato prontamente riconosciuto che l’esposizione umana alle radiazioni in radiofrequenza sia diventata pervasiva nel corso degli ultimi venti anni, mentre era rara nel periodo antecedente: questo fa dunque pensare che l’esposizione fetale o neo-natale alle radiazioni in radiofrequenza potrebbe essere associata all’incremento dell’incidenza di autismo.]

Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(2):195-7.

By:
Kane RC¹.

¹The Associated Bioelectromagnetics Technologists, PO Box 133, Blanchardville, WI 53516-0133, USA. rkane@tds.net

ARTICLE INFO

Article history
Received: 6 January 2003
Accepted: 15 October 2003
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Recently disclosed epidemiological data indicate a dramatic increase in the incidence of autism spectrum disorders. Previously, the incidence of autism has been reported as 4-5 per 10000 children. The most recent evidence indicates an increased incidence of about 1 per 500 children. However, the etiology of autism is yet to be determined. The recently disclosed data suggest a possible correlation between autism incidence and a previously unconsidered environmental toxin. It is generally accepted in the scientific community that radiofrequency (RF) radiation is a biologically active substance. It is also readily acknowledged that human exposures to RF radiation have become pervasive during the past 20 years, whereas such exposures were uncommon prior to that time. It is suggested that fetal or neo-natal exposures to RF radiation may be associated with an increased incidence of autism.

Introduction

Prior to the twentieth century the only sources of radiofrequency (RF) radiation were the hyper-low levels of RF energy originating from our sun and the even lower levels of extra-solar RF noise. It is in this environment of low-level RF radiation that life on earth developed and exists to this day.

During the 1940s, primarily as a result of research and development performed as a part of the war effort, industry and the military establishment were successful in bringing the state of RF energy generation to maturity. From that time onward we have witnessed a broad range of commercial RF energy product applications including, most notably, broadcast FM radio, radar, television, publicservice mobile communication transceivers, residential microwave ovens, and the portable cellular telephone.

Initially, the contribution of each radiating device was imperceptible when weighed against the background of incoming solar radiation. However, over the span of decades the number of terrestrial RF radiation sources, now counted in the billions, has increased to the degree that, presently, the base radiation level is many thousands of times higher than from solar RF energy impinging on the earth.

Notwithstanding the proliferation of RF radiation sources during the early decades of the “radiofrequency age”, the 1940s through the 1970s, humans were seldom exposed to RF radiation at levels that might cause concern. Since the late 1970s a number of commercial products have become ubiquitous, which provide human exposures to levels of RF radiation that are significantly higher than either of the previous or present background levels. Research reports indicate that RF exposure levels, typically encountered from some commercial products, may induce alterations of biological processes or damage to the genome [1 – 13].

Concurrently the incidence of autism diagnoses demonstrates a pronounced, approximately linear, nearly three-fold increase occurring during the last twenty years. “The question as to when autism begins in any child remains to be answered. Some studies provide support for a prenatal or perinatal origin for autism.” [14] For several decades prior to 1980 autism incidence remained essentially invariant; reportedly at about one diagnosed case per 2005 children. Byrd has reported a present autism incidence of about one per 700 children.

RF radiation sources have become commonplace in the personal human environment from approximately 1980 to the present. Operation of an RF radiation source such as a two-way radio or a cell phone exposes the operator to levels of RF radiation shown to be biologically active. Operation of an RF radiation source also exposes others, in the near proximity, to similarly biologically active levels of electromagnetic field intensities [15].

Some of the known effects of exposure to RF radiation include cognitive impairment [16], memory deficit [17], EEG modifications [18], DNA damage [3 – 12], chromosome aberrations [6], micronucleus formation [7, 22], fetal malformation [1, 2], increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier [19, 23], altered cellular calcium efflux [20] and altered cell proliferation [21].

RF radiation exposures from residential microwave ovens are, typically, on the order of 1 milli-watt per cm2. RF radiation exposures from cell phones range from about 0.1 to 10.0 milli-watt per cm2. Portable two-way radios provide similar exposure levels. The scientific literature confirms that RF radiation exposures, at levels more than 1,000 times lower than described immediately preceding, or on the order of 1.0 micro-watt per cm2, induce significant changes in biological processes or molecular repair mechanisms [12].

During gestation the possibility of unobservable embryonic and fetal damage is increased as mothers-to-be utilize and are exposed to the emissions from RF radiation devices. Researchers have emphatically reported that an embryo or fetus should not be exposed to radiofrequency radiation such as that emitted by the portable cell phone or portable telephone. One particular reason to avoid RF radiation exposure during pregnancy is that an embryo or fetus may not be fully protected by amniotic fluid for extended periods of time due to the natural movement of the embryo or fetus within the womb. Secondly, the pelvic structure promotes deep RF radiation penetration and that radiation can be absorbed within the developing embryo or fetus.

Other researchers have postulated that there may exist a previously unidentified environmental toxin associated with the observed increased incidence of autism. For example, the works of Byrd (California – 1999) [14], Bertrand [24], (New Jersey – 2001), Taylor [25], (United Kingdom – 1999), and Chakrabarti & Fombonne [26], (United Kingdom – 2001) clearly support the proposition that the identified increased incidence of autism has an origin at about 1980: an increased incidence that has its origin established at the very time the personal RF radiation devices came into popular use – about 1980. We propose that RF radiation, a new form of exposure of the human embryo, fetus, and infant, and an acknowledged environmental toxin under many exposure conditions, may be associated with the increased incidence of autism. This proposition is further based on the fact that these radiating products are periodically and typically utilized in the embryonic, fetal and neonatal environment. RF radiation is the only known toxin, exposure to which is wholly correlated with the repeatedly documented increased incidence of autism: now reported by at least some researchers as greater than 1 per 100 newborn.

References

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5. Sagripanti JL, Swicord ML, and Davis CC, Microwave effects on plasmid DNA, Radiation Research 110, pp. 219-231, 1987.
6. Fucic A, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Skara M, and Dimitrovic B, X-rays, microwaves and vinyl chloride monomer: their clastogenic and aneugenic activity, using the micronucleus assay on human lymphocytes, Mutat Res 282(4), pp. 265-271, 1992.
7. Maes A, Verschaeve L, Arroyo A, De Wagter C, and Vercruyssen L, In vitro cytogenetic effects of 2450 MHz waves on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, Bioelectromagnetics 14(6), pp. 495-501, 1993.
8. Sarkar S, Ali S, and Behari J, Effect of low power microwave on the mouse genome: a direct DNA analysis, Mutat Res 320, (1-2), pp. 141-147, 1994.
9. Lai H, and Singh NP, Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells, Bioelectromagnetics, 16(3), pp. 207-210, 1995.
10. Lai H, and Singh NP, Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation, Int J Radiat Biol, 69(4), pp. 513-521, 1996.
11. Repacholi MH, Basten A, Gebski V, Noonan D, Finnie J, and Harris AW, Lymphomas in E mu-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Radiat Res, 147(5), pp. 631-640, 1997.
12. Phillips JL, Ivaschuk O, Ishida-Jones T, Jones RA, Campbell-Beachler M, and Haggren W, DNA damage in Molt-4 T-lymphoblastoid cells exposed to cellular telephone radiofrequency fields in vitro, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 45, pp. 103-110, 1998.
13. Hardell L, Hansson Mild K, Pahlson A, Hallquist A, Ionizing radiation, cellular telephones and the risk of brain tumours. Europ J Cancer Prevent 10, pp. 523-529, 2001.
14. Byrd RS, Sigman M. Bono M, et al, Report to the legislature on the principal findings from the epidemiology of autism in California: a comprehensive pilot study, M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, 2002
15. Bawin SM, Kaczmarek LK, and Adey WR, Effects of modulated VHF fields on the central nervous system, Ann NY Acad. Sci, 247, pp. 74-81, 1975.
16. Chiang H, Yao GD, Fang QS, Wang KQ, Lu DZ, Zhou YK, Health effects of environmental electromagnetic fields. J. Bioelectricity 8:127-131, 1989.
17. Lai H, Horita A, and Guy AW, Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat, Bioelectromagnetics 15(2), pp. 95-104, 1994.
18. von Klitzing L, Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields influence EEG of man, Phys. Medica, 11, pp. 77-80, 1995.
19. Salford LG, Brun A, Sturesson K, Eberhardt JL, and Persson BR, Permeability of the blood-brain radiation on cytolytic T lymphocytes, FASEB J , 10(8), pp. 913-919, 1996.
20. Paul Raj R, Behari J, and Rao AR, Effect of amplitude modulated RF radiation on calcium ion efflux and ODC activity in chronically exposed rat brain, Indian J Biochem Biophys, 36(5), pp. 337-340, 1999.
21. Cleary SF, Du Z, Cao G, Liu LM, and McCrady C, Effect of isothermal radiofrequency barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz. Microsc Res Tech, 27(6), pp. 535-542, 1994.
22. d’Ambrosio G, Massa R, Scarfi MR, and Zeni O, Cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes following GMSK phase modulated microwave exposure. Bioelectromagnetics, 23, pp. 7-13, 2002.
23. Persson BR, Salford LG, and Brun A, Blood-brain barrier permeability in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless communication, Wireless Network 3, pp. 455-461, 1997.
24. Bertrand J, Mars A, Boyle C, Bove F, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Decoufle P., Prevalence of Autism in a United States Population: The Brick Township, New Jersey Investigation, Pediatrics, 108 (5), pp. 1155-1161, Nov. 2001.
25. Taylor B, Miller E, Farringdon et al, MMR Vaccine and Autism: No Epidemiological Evidence for a Causal Association, Lancet, 353, pp. 2026-2029, 1999.
26. Chakrabarti S, & Fombonne E, Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Preschool Children, JAMA, 285 (24), 2001.

http://www.latitudes.org/articles/electrical_sensitivity_articles.html#A%20Possible%20Association

Fonti:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962625

http://www.medical-hypotheses.com/article/S0306-9877(03)00309-8/abstract

http://www.spiritofhealthkc.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/PREGNANCY15-The-Link-Between-Wireless-Technology-and-Autis.pdf

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica bambini • campi elettromagnetici • CEM • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • madri • Microonde • problemi di linguaggio • Pubblicazioni scientifiche 26 Settembre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

A Challenging Issue in the Etiology of Speech Problems: The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields on Speech Problems in the Offspring

[Segnalato da Joel Moskowitz e Dave Ashton di “UK Electrosensitives”.

Questo articolo Open Access riporta il primo studio effettuato per indagare l’esistenza di una possibile associazione tra esposizione materna ai campi elettromagnetici (CEM) e problemi di linguaggio nella prole.
Anche se un grande limite di questo studio è la dimensione relativamente piccola del campione, esso indica che l’esposizione materna a fonti comuni di CEM come i telefoni cellulari, è in grado di influenzare il futuro sviluppo di problemi di linguaggio nella prole.]

J Biomed Phys Eng. 2015 Sep; 5(3): 151–154.

By:
S. Zarei,¹ S. M. J. Mortazavi,² A. R. Mehdizadeh,³ M. Jalalipour,¹ S. Borzou,¹ S. Taeb,⁴ M. Haghani,⁵ S. A. R. Mortazavi,⁶ M. B. Shojaei-fard,⁵ S. Nematollahi,⁷ N. Alighanbari,⁸ and S. Jarideh⁵

¹Speech and Language Pathology Department, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

²President of the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC); Professor of Medical Physics in the School of Medicine of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

³Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran

⁴Ph.D candidate at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁵Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁶Medical Student at Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁷Master Student at the Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁸Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

ARTICLE INFO

Article history
Accepted: 31 December 2014
Published online: 1 September 2015

Keywords
Speech Problem
Maternal Exposure
Pregnancy
Electromagnetic Fields
Mobile Phones

ABSTRACT

Background
Nowadays, mothers are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields before and even during pregnancy. It has recently been shown that exposure to mobile phone radiation during pregnancy may lead to adverse effects on the brain development in offspring and cause hyperactivity. Researchers have shown that behavioral problems in laboratory animals which have a similar appearance to ADHD are caused by intrauterine exposure to mobile phones.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the maternal exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields affect on the rate and severity of speech problems in their offspring.

Methods
In this study, mothers of 35 healthy 3-5 year old children (control group) and 77 children and diagnosed with speech problems who had been referred to a speech treatment center in Shiraz, Iran were interviewed. These mothers were asked whether they had exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, Wi-Fi, cordless phones, laptops and power lines.

Results
We found a significant association between either the call time (P=0.002) or history of mobile phone use (months used) and speech problems in the offspring (P=0.003). However, other exposures had no effect on the occurrence of speech problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate a possible association between maternal exposure to electromagnetic field and speech problems in the offspring. Although a major limitation in our study is the relatively small sample size, this study indicates that the maternal exposure to common sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones can affect the occurrence of speech problems in the offspring.

Fonte:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4576876/

Informazioni Ricerca scientifica Video dal mondo campi elettromagnetici • CEM • elettrosmog • inquinamento elettromagnetico • Pubblicazioni scientifiche • telefono cellulare • Wi-Fi 24 Settembre 2015 By admin_ele 0 Comments

Olle Johansson “Health effects of electromagnetic fields”

Pubblicato il 05 ott 2014

Olle Johansson at the Open Mind Conference 2014, Copenhagen.

“Health effects of electromagnetic fields” Olle Johansson is associate professor at the Experimental Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

He is a leading authority in the field of EMF radiation and health effects. He has also been a professor in basic and clinical neuroscience at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.

He has published more than 650 original articles, reviews, book chapters and conference reports within the field of basic and applied neuroscience, dermatoscience and health effects of electromagnetic fields.

His studies have been widely recognised in the media, including newspapers, radio and TV, as well as on the Internet, both nationally and internationally. He has on-going international scientific collaborations with e.g. Japan, Brazil, South Africa, Serbia, Germany, the UK and the USA.

Olle Johansson’s presentation covers the historic background of electricity and electromagnetic fields, how suspicions arose early on concerning fields and signals producing negative health effects and how this led to today’s global public discussion about the subject. It will also touch upon the functional impairment electro hypersensitivity.

The lecture will go into depth about the scientific research results regarding the health effects of electromagnetic fields and the urgent need for independent research projects that need to be initiated to ensure our public health.

These projects should be entirely independent of all types of commercial interests as public health cannot have a price-tag. This is the responsibility of the democratically elected body of every country.

The body of evidence on EMF requires a new approach to protection of public health; the growth and development of the fetus, and of children; and argues for strong preventative actions. These conclusions are built upon prior scientific and public health reports documenting the following:

1) Low-intensity (non-thermal) bioeffects and adverse health effects are demonstrated at levels significantly below existing exposure standards.

2) ICNIRP and IEEE/FCC public safety limits are inadequate and obsolete with respect to prolonged, low-intensity exposures.

3) New, biologically-based public exposure standards are urgently needed to protect public health world-wide. 4) It is not in the public interest to wait.

http://www.openmindconference.com

Find out more on Health Effects from EMFs

THE WORK OF OLLE JOHANSSON

Articles by Olle Johansson

“MYSTERY IN THE SKIN. Screen dermatitis, the effect of computer work on human skin.” An interview with Olle Johansson, 2001
http://www.feb.se/ARTICLES/OlleJ.html

COMMENTARY: MOBILE PHONES -WILL THE GOLDEN GOOSE BECOME THE MAD COW? 2001
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13878/20021116-0000/www.acnem.org/journal/pdf_files/20-2_commentary-mobile_phones.pdf

CUTANEOUS MAST CELLS ARE ALTERED IN NORMAL HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS SITTING IN FRONT OF ORDINARY TVS/PCS – RESULTS FROM OPEN-FIELD PROVOCATION EXPERIMENTS, 2001
http://www.foodsmatter.com/es/computers_wifi_bluetooth/articles/johansson_tv_healthy_volunteers.pdf

CANCER TRENDS DURING THE 20TH CENTURY
Örjan Hallberg and Olle Johansson, 2002
http://iddd.de/umtsno/cancertrends.pdf

MELANOMA INCIDENCE AND FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) BROADCASTING, 2002
http://schermatura.com/news/aehcorrection2002.pdf

DOES GSM 1800 AFFECT THE PUBLIC HEALTH IN SWEDEN? 2004
http://www.iddd.de/umtsno/KosPaper.pdf

MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE SKIN – NOT A SUNSHINE STORY!
http://www.tetrawatch.net/papers/fm_melanoma_sweden_4321.pdf

LONG-TERM SICKNESS AND MOBILE PHONE USE
Örjan Hallberg and Olle Johansson, 2004
http://www.iddd.de/umtsno/lthhallberg.pdf

FM BROADCASTING EXPOSURE TIME AND MALIGNANT MELANOMA INCIDENCE, 2005
http://avaate.org/IMG/pdf/melanoma_electromagneticbiologyandmedicine_2005.pdf

HOW SHALL WE COPE WITH THE INCREASING AMOUNTS OF AIRBORNE RADIATION? 2006
http://ww.stopumts.nl/pdf/paper_johansson_airborne_radiation.pdf

ELECTROHYPERSENSITIVITY: STATE-OF-THE-ART OF A FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT
Olle Johansson, 2006
http://adante.vingar.se/electrohypersensitivity1.pdf

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: WILL WE ALL BECOME ELECTROSENSITIVE?
Örjan Hallberg and Olle Johansson, 2006
http://www.next-up.org/pdf/EHS2006_HallbergOberfeld.pdf

DISTURBANCE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS – A potentially underlying cause for cellular damage and tissue repair reduction which could lead to disease and impairment, 2009
http://www.milieuziektes.nl/Rapporten/PATPHY_621.pdf

Fonte:

http://globalelite.tv/2014/10/07/olle-johansson-health-effects-of-electromagnetic-fields/

The Screening of Genes Sensitive to Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Exposure and Bioinformatic Analysis of Potential Correlations to Learning and Memory.

[Questo studio spera di svelare i complessi meccanismi che contribuiscono alle disfunzioni di apprendimento e memoria indotte dalle microonde, attraverso una migliore comprensione delle variazioni di espressione genica nel cervello dei topi esposti alle microonde. Successivamente posteremo altri studi sul topo in vivo, che dimostrano quanto evidenziato a livello genico. Facciamo notare che il Wi-Fi utilizza microonde a 2,45 GHz e, considerati i risultati di questi studi, risulta veramente insensato il suo utilizzo nelle scuole, dove può effettivamente causare un deficit di apprendimento negli studenti.]

Biomed Environ Sci. 2015 Aug;28(8):558-70. doi: 10.3967/bes2015.080.

By:
Zhao YL¹, Li YX¹, Ma HB¹, Li D², Li HL³, Jiang R¹, Kan GH¹, Yang ZZ¹, Huang ZX¹.

¹Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, Beijing 100193, China.
²Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
³Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China.

ARTICLE INFO

Article history
Published: August 2015

Keywords
Gene chip
Learning and memory
Long-term
Low-level
Microwave

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To gain a better understanding of gene expression changes in the brain following microwave exposure in mice. This study hopes to reveal mechanisms contributing to microwave-induced learning and memory dysfunction.

Methods:
Mice were exposed to whole body 2100 MHz microwaves with specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.45 W/kg, 1.8 W/kg, and 3.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 8 weeks. Differentially expressing genes in the brains were screened using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, with genes showing more significant differences further confirmed by RT-PCR.

Results:
The gene chip results demonstrated that 41 genes (0.45 W/kg group), 29 genes (1.8 W/kg group), and 219 genes (3.6 W/kg group) were differentially expressed. GO analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in metabolic processes, cellular metabolic processes, regulation of biological processes, macromolecular metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, cellular protein metabolic processes, transport, developmental processes, cellular component organization, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in pathways related to ribosome, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, long-term potentiation, Huntington’s disease, and Neurotrophin signaling. Construction of a protein interaction network identified several important regulatory genes including synbindin (sbdn), Crystallin (CryaB), PPP1CA, Ywhaq, Psap, Psmb1, Pcbp2, etc., which play important roles in the processes of learning and memorye.

Conclusion:
Long-term, low-level microwave exposure may inhibit learning and memory by affecting protein and energy metabolic processes and signaling pathways relating to neurological functions or diseases.

Fonte:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383594?dopt=Abstract

Tag: Pubblicazioni scientifiche

Significant Decrease of Clinical Symptoms after Mobile Phone Base Station Removal – Signifikanter Rückgang klinischer Symptome nach Senderabbau

Protect children from EMF.

Messaggio alle Scuole riguardo i dispositivi senza fili

Linea guida dell’Associazione Medica Austriaca per la diagnosi e il trattamento di problemi di salute e malattie collegate ai campi elettromagnetici (sindrome EMF)

Epidemiological Evidence for a Health Risk from Mobile Phone Base Stations

Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and behavioural problems in Bavarian children and adolescents.

A possible association between fetal/neonatal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation and the increased incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

A Challenging Issue in the Etiology of Speech Problems: The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields on Speech Problems in the Offspring

Olle Johansson “Health effects of electromagnetic fields”

Articles by Olle Johansson

The Screening of Genes Sensitive to Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Exposure and Bioinformatic Analysis of Potential Correlations to Learning and Memory.

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